radicans grows throughout much of North America, including the Canadian Maritime provinces, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and all U.S. Leaves may be smooth or notched on the same plant. Seeds are spread mainly by animals and remain viable after passing through the digestive tract. Fruits are a favorite winter food of some birds and other animals. The berry-like fruit, a drupe, mature by August to November with a grayish-white colour. The yellowish- or greenish-white flowers are typically inconspicuous and are located in clusters up to 8 cm (3 in) above the leaves. It is dioecious flowering occurs from May to July. radicans spreads either vegetatively or sexually. The milky sap of poison ivy darkens after exposure to the air. The vines develop adventitious roots, or the plant can spread from rhizomes or root crowns. Vines growing on the trunk of a tree become firmly attached through numerous aerial rootlets. Leaflet clusters are alternate on the vine, and the plant has no thorns. Each leaflet has a few or no teeth along its edge, and the leaf surface is smooth. The leaflets of mature leaves are somewhat shiny. Leaf color ranges from light green (usually the younger leaves) to dark green (mature leaves), turning bright red in fall though other sources say leaves are reddish when expanding, turn green through maturity, then back to red, orange, or yellow in the fall. radicans are trifoliate with three almond-shaped leaflets.